Single Source (SS)

Single Source is an acquisition approach in which the government awards a contract to one contractor even though more than one potential source exists. The award is made to that one source because the government has a valid reason for selecting only that contractor under the circumstances.

What Is Single Source?

In government contracting, Single Source means the government chooses one contractor for award even though other possible vendors may exist in the market. The decision is based on a justified acquisition reason, such as urgency, compatibility, unique capability, follow-on needs, or another valid procurement basis.

It is important because it is different from full competition and must usually be supported by a clear rationale.

Key Characteristics

Award is made to one contractor

Other possible sources may exist

Selection is based on a valid acquisition reason

Usually requires supporting justification

Different from open competition

How It Works in Government Contracting

Single Source is used during acquisition planning and award when the government determines that one contractor should receive the award despite the existence of other possible sources.

It is used by contracting officers, program offices, legal advisors, and acquisition teams. In practice, the government documents why one source is being selected and why that approach is appropriate for the requirement.

This may happen when one contractor offers a specific capability, has unique compatibility with existing systems, can meet an urgent requirement, or is otherwise the most appropriate source under the procurement rules.

Regulatory Framework

Single Source is part of the broader federal acquisition framework governing limited competition and justified award decisions. Its use depends on the facts of the procurement, the authority being used, and the supporting documentation required by the agency.

The government generally must be able to explain why selecting one source is appropriate.

Why It Matters for Contractors

Single Source matters because it can shape how opportunities are pursued and how competition is limited. For the selected contractor, it may create an award path without full open competition.

It also matters strategically because other contractors may want to understand the basis for the selection, especially when deciding whether to protest, team, or position for future related work.

Common Misconceptions

Single Source means no other vendors exist.

Other sources may exist, but the government has decided to select one for a valid reason.

Single Source is the same as Sole Source.

Sole Source usually means only one source is available, while Single Source can involve multiple possible sources but only one selected.

Single Source awards do not need justification.

They usually require a documented reason for limiting award to one contractor.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Single Source?

It is an award to one contractor even though multiple sources may exist.

How is Single Source different from Sole Source?

Single Source may involve multiple potential vendors, while Sole Source generally means only one source is available.

Why would the government use Single Source?

Because one contractor may best meet the requirement for valid acquisition reasons such as urgency, compatibility, or unique capability.

Why is it important?

Because it affects competition, award strategy, and how contractors position for opportunities.